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  • acc. PHILLIPS
  • America
    • I: Early America
      • Course Info
      • 1492-1763
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      • 1789-1815
      • 1815-1849
      • 1850-1865
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    • II: Modern America
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Revolution,
​c. 1648-c. 1815

Picture
Inspired in part by Enlightenment ideas, the French Revolution introduced mass politics, led to the creation of numerous political and social ideologies, and remained the touchstone for those advocating radical reform in subsequent decades.

Revolution,
c. 1648-1815 

The French Revolution was the most formidable challenge to traditional politics and diplomacy during this period. Inspired in part by Enlightenment ideas, the revolution introduced mass politics, led to the creation of numerous political and social ideologies, and remained the touchstone for those advocating radical reform in subsequent decades. The French Revolution was part of a larger revolutionary impulse that, as a transatlantic movement, influenced revolutions in Spanish America and the Haitian slave revolt. Napoleon Bonaparte built upon the gains of the revolution and attempted to exploit the resources of the continent in the interests of France and his own dynasty. Napoleon’s revolutionary state imposed French hegemony throughout Europe, but eventually a coalition of European powers overthrew French domination and restored, as much as possible, a balance of power within the European state system. Conservative leaders also attempted to contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals inspired by the French Revolution.

The romantic movement of the early 19th century set the stage for later cultural perspectives by encouraging individuals to cultivate their uniqueness and to trust intuition and emotion as much as reason. Partly in reaction to the Enlightenment, romanticism affirmed the value of sensitivity, imagination, and creativity and thereby provided a climate for artistic experimentation. 

​

Source: https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf

Colonial Rivalry

Picture
Britain and France vied for control of North America and India during the 17th and 18th centuries.
Picture
  • Nine Years’/King William’s War (1689–1697)
  • The Spanish Succession/Queen Anne’s War (1702–1711)
  • French Acadians/Cajuns
  • The War of Jenkins’s Ear (1739–1748)
  • The Austrian Succession/King George’s War (1744–1748)
  • Carnatic Wars (1746-63)
  • Joseph-François Dupleix
  • Robert Clive
  • Battle of Plassey (1757)
  • The Seven Years’/French and Indian War (1756–1763)
  • American War of Independence (1775-83)

The French Revolution

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In 1789 citizens of France stormed the royal Bastille Prison in Paris and took Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette prisoner during the Women's March on Versailles.
Picture
By 1793 Louis XIV was beheaded by guillotine and France had become a republic.
Picture
The violent Reign of Terror (1793–1794) only ended with the arrest and execution of the radical Jacobin leader Maximillien Robespierre, head of the Committee of Public Safety.
Picture
  • The Enlightenment
  • Ancién Regime
  • Pierre Beaumarchais - Figaro (1775–1792)
  • Parlements
  • literate public
  • general will of the French people
  • Louis XVI
  • Estates-General
  • French financial crisis
  • Jacques Necker
  • Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès - What Is the Third Estate?
  • French National Constituent Assembly (June 20, 1789)
  • Tennis Court Oath
  • Storming of the Bastille Prison (July 14, 1789)
  • Marquis de Lafayette
  • National Guard
  • The Great Fear (July 17–August 2, 1789)
  • Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
  • émigrés
  • Women's March on Versailles (October 1789)
  • Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)
  • Constitution of 1791
  • departments
  • Royal escape to the Austrian Netherlands (June 1791)
  • Legislative Assembly
  • Sans-culottes
  • Paris Commune
  • Storming of Tuileries Palace (August 10, 1792)
  • September Massacres
  • Battle of Valmy (September 20, 1792)
  • National Convention
  • First French Republic
  • Revolutionary Calendar
  • Execution of Louis XIV (January 21, 1793)
  • guillotine
  • Jacobins
  • Girondins
  • Montagnard (Mountain)
  • Jean-Paul Marat - L’Ami du Peuple.
  • George Danton
  • Committee of Public Safety
  • Maximillien Robespierre
  • Reign of Terror (1793–1794)
  • Mass conscription
  • Italian Campaign (1797)
  • Egyptian Campaign (1798)
  • Rosetta Stone
  • Counter-revolution in Vendée
  • General Maximum Law
  • State economic planning
  • Jacques Hébert
  • de-Christianization
  • Cult of Reason
  • Cult of the Supreme Being
  • metric system
  • La Marseilles
  • tricolor flag
  • lycées
  • Olympe de Gouges - Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791)
  • Charlotte Corday
  • Pauline Léon
  • Claire Lacombe
  • Society of Revolutionary Republican Women
  • Théroigne de Méricourt 

The Haitian Revolution

Picture
Following a successful slave revolt inspired by the French Revolution, Jean-Jacques Dessaline became the first Emperor of Haiti.
  • St. Domingue
  • Julien Raimond
  • Vincent Ogé
  • Toussaint L’Ouverture
  • Battle of Vertières (1803)
  • Jean-Jacques Dessaline
  • Louisiana Purchase

The Napoleonic Empire

Picture
Napoleon Bonaparte as depicted by propagandist Jacques-Louis David
Picture
A French invasion of Britain was forestalled by Admiral Lord Nelson ​at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Picture
Francisco Goya commemorated Spanish national resistance to Napoleon's armies during the Peninsular War. 
  • Thermidorian Reaction (1794)
  • The Directory (1795–1799)
  • coup d’etat
  • The Consulate (1799-1804)
  • Treaty of Lunéville
  • Treaty of Amiens
  • Crowning of Napoleon (1804)
  • Grande Armée
  • Battle of Austerlitz (1805)
  • Confederation of the Rhine
  • Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
  • Continental System (1806)
  • Battle of Jena (1806)
  • Treaties of Tilsit (1807)
  • Napoleonic Empire 
  • Peninsular War (1808)
  • Joseph Bonaparte
  • guerrilla warfare
  • Francisco Goya - Third of May 1808 (1814)
  • Latin American wars of independence
  • Josephine de Beauharnais
  • Marie-Louise of Austria
  • Concordat of 1801
  • Napoleonic Code (1804)
  • Imperial University of France
  • Plebiscite of 1800
  • Plebiscite of 1802
  • Legion of Honor
  • Napoleonic state control
  • préfects
  • Joseph Fouche
  • Gendarmerie
  • Napoleonic censorship
  • Bank of France
  • Invasion of Russia (1812–1813)
  • Battle of Leipzig (1813)
  • Exile to Elba (1814)
  • Louis XVIII
  • 100 Days
  • Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley
  • Battle of Waterloo (1815)

The Congress of Vienna

  • Congress of Vienna (1814–1815)
  • Klemens von Metternich - Austrian Foreign Minister
  • Tsar Alexander I of Russia
  • Frederick William III of Prussia
  • Castlereagh - British Foreign Secretary
  • Talleyrand - French Foreign Minister
  • Concert of Europe
  • Congress System
  • Holy Alliance
  • principle of traditional legitimacy
  • Congress System intervention in Revolutions of 1820
Picture
Louis XVIII trying on Napoleon's boots. This British political cartoon by George Cruikshank mocks the conservative Congress System's interventions to smother liberal revolutions following the Congress of Vienna.

Romanticism

Painting

  • Henry Fuseli - Nightmare (1781)
  • William Blake - Great Red Dragon (1808)
  • Caspar Friedrich - Wanderer (1818)
  • Théodore Géricault - Raft of the Medusa (1819)
  • John Constable - Cornfield (1826)
  • Eugene Delacroix - Liberty Leading the People (1830) and Women of Algiers (1834)
  • J.M.W. Turner - Rain, Steam, Speed (1844)​

Literature

Picture
Picture
  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Kubla Khan (1797)
  • William Wordsworth - Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798)
  • Lord Byron - Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812-8)
  • Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Fairy Tales (1814–1816)
  • Mary Shelley - Frankenstein (1817)
  • Percy Shelley - Ozymandias (1818)
  • Walter Scott - Ivanhoe (1819)
  • John Keats - Ode on a Grecian Urn (1819)
  • Alexandre Dumas - Three Musketeers (1844)
  • Victor Hugo - Les Misérables (1862)​

Architecture

Picture
Picture
  • ​Neo-gothic style architecture
  • British Houses of Parliament
  • Neo-Romanesque style architecture
  • Neuschwanstein Castle 

Music

Romanticism Spotify Playlist
  • Ludwig van Beethoven - Ninth Symphony (1828)
  • Frédéric Chopin - Minute Waltz (1847)
  • Richard Wagner - Ring Cycle (1869–1876)
  • Pyotr Tchaikovsky - 1812 Overture (1880)​

German Romantic Nationalism

The Brothers Grimm contributed to early German nationalism by writing down a collection of German fairy tales from the peasant oral tradition.
  • G.W. Friedrich Hegel - zeitgeist
  • Johann Gottfried Herder - Philosophy of the History of Mankind (1784), genius, and nationalism
  • Johann Gottfried Fichte - volksgeist
  • The Brothers Grimm

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​

Resources:

Barron's AP Euro Flash Cards

​

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  • acc. PHILLIPS
  • America
    • I: Early America
      • Course Info
      • 1492-1763
      • 1763-1783
      • 1783-1789
      • 1789-1815
      • 1815-1849
      • 1850-1865
      • 1865-1877
    • II: Modern America
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        • The Western Frontier
        • The Gilded Age
      • 1890-1920
        • Progressivism
        • Imperialism & the First World War
      • 1920-1941
        • The Roaring Twenties
        • The Great Depression
      • 1941-1962
        • The Second World War
        • The Early Cold War
      • 1950-1975
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      • 1968-1991
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        • Pop Culture
      • 1991-Today
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