Globalization

c. 1900-Today

Objectives

• ​​Explain the continuities and changes in the global economy from 1900 to present.
  
  
• ​​​Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained and challenged over time.
  
  
• ​​​Explain how and why globalization changed culture over time.
  
  
• ​​​Explain the various responses to increasing globalization from 1900 to present.
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• ​​​Explain how and why globalization changed international interactions among states.

Free Markets

• ​​In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War, many governments encouraged free market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century.
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• Changing economic institutions, multinational corporations, and regional trade agreements reflected the spread of principles and practices associated with free-market economics throughout the world.

Post-Soviet Russia

• CIS
• Shock Therapy
• First and Second Chechen Wars
• Vladimir Putin

Globalization

• developed nations
• emerging nations
• global economy
• multinational corporation
• free trade
• Western influence on the rest of the world

primary products
​neocolonial economy

Information

In the late 20th century, revolutions in information and communications technology led to the growth of knowledge economies in some regions, while industrial production and manufacturing were increasingly situated in Asia and Latin America.

​Inequality

• ​​​Rights-based discourses challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion.
  
  
• In much of the world, access to education as well as participation in new political and professional roles became more inclusive in terms of race, class, gender, and religion.
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• Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of the environmental and economic consequences of global integration.​

​Global Culture

• ​Political and social changes of the 20th century led to changes in the arts and in the second half of the century, popular and consumer culture became more global.
  
  
• Arts, entertainment, and popular culture increasingly reflected the influence of a globalized society.
  
  
• Consumer culture became globalized and transcended national borders.
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• ​Responses to rising cultural and economic globalization took a variety of forms.

​International Cooperation

• ​​​New international organizations, including the United Nations, formed with the stated goal of maintaining world peace and facilitating international cooperation.