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  • acc. PHILLIPS
  • America
    • Introduction
      • Course Overview
      • Policies
      • Essential Documents
    • 1492-1754
      • Colonization
    • 1754-1848
      • Revolution
      • Constitution
      • Expansion
    • 1848-1898
      • The Civil War
      • The Gilded Age
    • 1898-1945
      • The American Empire
      • The Great Depression
      • The Second World War
    • 1945-1991
      • The Early Cold War
      • The Great Society
      • The Late Cold War
    • 1991-Today
      • The Culture Wars
      • The War on Terror
  • Europe
    • Introduction
    • 1200-1450
    • 1450-1648
      • Renaissance
      • Reformation
      • Exploration
      • Links
      • Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Rick Steves Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
    • 1648-1815
      • Sovereignty
      • Commerce
      • Reason
      • Revolution
      • Links
      • Readings and Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
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      • Empire
      • Modernity
      • Links
      • Readings and Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
    • 1914-Today
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      • WWII
      • Cold War
      • EU
      • Links
      • Assignments and Readings
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
  • World
    • Ancient
    • Modern
      • Introduction
        • Course Overview
        • Policies
        • Essential Documents
        • Exam
      • 1200-1450
        • Asia
        • Africa
        • Europe
        • Americas
        • Trade
      • 1450-1750
        • Discovery
        • Maritime Empires
        • Land Empires
      • 1750-1900
        • Revolutions
        • Industrialization
        • Imperialism
      • 1900-Today
        • World Wars
        • Postwar World
        • Globalization
  • Research
  • Resources
  • About
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Global Regions,
​c. 1200-1450

Asia 

c. 1200-1450

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Kinkakuji Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan
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Contents


​Asia, c. 1200-1450:
  • Objectives
  • Religious Traditions
    • ​Hinduism
    • Buddhism
    • Confucianism
    • Daoism
    • ​Shinto
  • East Asia
  • South & Southeast Asia
  • Oceania
  • ​Dar al-Islam
  • Mongol Empire​

Objectives

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  • Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

  • Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time. 

  • Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time.

  • ​Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time.

  • Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time.

  • Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time.

  • Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time.

  • ​Explain the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam.

  • ​​Explain the process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time.

  • ​Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time.
    ​
  • ​Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change.

Religious Traditions

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Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and East Asia.
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Hinduism

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Spread of Hindu cultural influence
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Shiva Nataraja from Tamil Nadu, Chola Dynasty India
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Hinduism in the world today
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Moksha
  • reincarnation
  • Karma
  • Brahman
    • Brahma
    • Vishnu
      • Krishna
      • Rama
    • Shiva
  • dharma
  • caste (jati)
  • texts:
    • Rig-Veda
    • Upanishads
    • Bhagavad Gita
    • Kamasutra
    • gurus
  • sati
  • purdah
  • bhakti cults
  • Adi Shankara
  • Ramanuja
  • Mira Bai​

Buddhism

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Spread of Buddhism
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The Tibetan Buddhist bhavachakra, representing saṃsāra, helps ordinary people understand Buddhist teachings.
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Buddhism in the world today
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Siddhartha Gautama
  • Enlightenment
  • The Four Noble Truths
  • The Eightfold Path
  • Nirvana
  • What do Hinduism and Buddhism have in common?
  • Which Hindu beliefs does Buddhism reject?
  • How and where did Buddhism spread?
  • stupas
  • Mahayana Buddhism
  • Theravada Buddhism​
  • Tibetan Buddhism
  • Pure Land Buddhism
  • Chan Buddhism
  • Zen Buddhism
  • bodhisattvas
Article: The Fascinating Discovery of the World's Oldest Book
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Confucianism

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Scene from the Song Dynasty Illustrations of the Classic of Filial Piety (detail), depicting a son kneeling before his parents
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Period of Warring States
  • Kong Fuzi/Confucius
  • Five Basic Relationships
  • filial Piety
  • ​Analects
  • bureaucracy​
  • shi
  • Meng Ko/Mencius
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Zhu Xi
Article: The Life of Confucius: Stability in a Time of Change
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Article: Ritual, Virtue, and Benevolence in the Philosophy of Confucius
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Daoism

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Yin-yang symbol
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Laozi
  • Dao
  • ​Dao De Jing
  • Yin-yang​
  • wuwei
Chinese philosophies from Dave Phillips

Shinto

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Amaterasu, one of the central kami in the Shinto faith
Article: Core stories of Shinto
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audio pronunciation guide:
  • Kami​
  • Amaterasu
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torii gate at the Itsukushima Shine
Asian Religious Traditions.pdf from Dave Phillips

Asian Religious Traditions Quizlet

East Asia

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Northern Song in 1111
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Kangxi Emperor aboard a Chinese junk
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European illustration of the Porcelain Tower
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The 1,104 mile long Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal, the world's oldest and longest artificial river, links northern and southern China.
  • Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.

  • Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions.

  • The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor.
    ​
  • ​The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations in agriculture and manufacturing.
Song Dynasty China
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Zhao Kuangyin/Emperor Taizu
  • Liao dynasty
  • Khitans
  • Zhu Xi
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • imperial civil service examination
  • Tangut
  • Xi Xia
  • Wang Anshi
  • Jurchens
  • Jin
  • Southern Song
  • Grand Canal
  • Hangzhou
  • junks
  • ​Chinese inventions:
    • porcelain
    • mechanical clock
    • printing
    • gunpowder
    • flying paper money
    • magnetic compass
  • gentry
  • foot-binding​​
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A size comparison of China and the lower 48 states of the United States
Article: China in 1000 CE: The Most Advanced Society in the World
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Article: China: An Introduction to the Song Dynasty (960–1279)
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Article: Science in the Tang (618–906) and Song (960–1279) Dynasties 
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Article: The Invention of Woodblock Printing in the Tang (618–906) and Song (960–1279) Dynasties
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Article: The Role of the Artist in the Tang (618–906) and Song (960–1279) Dynasties of China
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Article: An Introduction to the Religion and Philosophy of the Tang (618-906) and Song (960-1279) Dynasties
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Throne Hall at Gyeongbokgung, ​royal palace of the Joseon dynasty
Korea
audio pronunciation guide:
  • ​How did China influence Korea?
  • ​​Koryo Dynasty
  • Yi Dynasty​
  • Sinification
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Himeji Castle
Feudal Japan
audio pronunciation guide:
  • ​How did the Chinese influence Japan?
  • ​Kamakura period​
  • Muromachi period
  • samurai/bushi
  • ​Bushido
  • shogun
  • daimyo
  • seppuku
  • Taira
  • Minamoto
  • Gempei Wars
  • bakufu
  • Hojo
  • Ashikaga Takuaji
  • Ashikaga Shogunate
  • Himeji Castle
  • Kinkakuji/Golden Pavilion
  • kamikaze

East Asian Civilizations Quizlet

South and Southeast Asia

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Vijayanagara Empire
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Srivijaya maritime empire
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stable for Vijayanagara war elephants
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Angkor Wat, 12th century Hindu (later Buddhist) temple, Cambodia
Borobudur on the island of Java in Indonesia is the world's largest Buddhist temple. It was constructed during the 9th-century.
​State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.
audio pronunciation guide:
  • India
    • Chola kingdom
    • Coromandel coast
    • Vijayanagara empire
    • monsoons

  • Angkor/Khmer empire
    • Angkor Wat

  • Indonesia:
    • Sailendra and Srivijaya kings of Java
    • Borobudur
    • Palembang
    • Singosari empire
    • Majapahit empire
    • Malacca
    • Demak Sultanate​

  • ​Dai Viet
    • Ly dynasty​
    • Chams
    • Nguyen dynasty
    • Trinh dynasty
Article: Angkor Wat
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Article: The Lost City of Cambodia
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Article: The Surprising Discovery at Angkor Wat
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Article: Borobudur
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Article: Borobudur: Indonesia's Most Beautiful Temple​
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Great Temples of SE Asia: Angkor Wat and Borobudur from Dave Phillips

Oceania

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Australasia comprises Australia, New Zealand, and some neighboring islands.
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area of Polynesian colonization between 700-1200 CE
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ruins of Nan Madol on Pohnpei Island
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Oceania
  • aboriginal peoples
  • Polynesians
  • Maori
  • Nan Madol
  • ali'i nui
  • kapu
  • mana
  • ​marae

Civilizations of SE Asia & Oceania Quizlet

​Dar al-Islam

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Islam in the world today
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In this time-elapsed photo, Muslims circle the Ka’aba in Mecca during hajj, the pilgrimage to Islam's holy city.
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copy of al-Bukhari, 13th century Egypt
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Sufi mystic dervishes dancing
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The battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (1299) depicting Mongol archers and Mamluk cavalry.
Article: Arab Conquests and Sasanian Iran
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  • Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.

  • As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity.​

  • ​Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis.​
audio pronunciation guide:
  • ​Bedouin
  • shayks
  • ​Allah
  • Muhammad​
  • Mecca
  • Medina
  • Ka’aba
  • ​Qu’ran
  • Hijrah
  • ​Islam
  • Muslim
  • umma
  • The Five Pillars
  • hajj
  • Ramadan
  • ​zakat
  • mosque
  • minaret
  • muezzin​
  • caliph
  • infidel
  • jihad​
  • shari’ah
  • qadis
  • madrasas
  • Shi'a/Shiite
  • ​Sunni
  • ulema
  • jizya​
  • mawali
  • dhimmi
  • hadiths
  • Abbasid dynasty
  • Baghdad
  • wazir
  • dhows
  • lateen
  • sakk
  • ​al-Andalus
  • Seljuk Turks
  • Crusades
  • Saladin
  • Ibn Khaldun
  • Ibn Rushd
  • Mamluks
  • Muhammad of Ghur
  • Qutb-ud-din Aibak 
  • Kabir
  • Sufi
  • Maghrib
  • Berbers
    • Almoravids
    • Almohads​  
  • Osman I
  • Ottoman Turk empire (1299)​
  • Mehmed II, the Conqueror
Article: How Scholars of the Islamic Golden Age Saved Ancient Greek Knowledge
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Dar al-Islam Quizlet

Mongol Empire

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Article: The brutal brilliance of Genghis Khan
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Article: The Story Of Genghis Khan’s Children And The Staggering Spread Of His DNA Around The World
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Mongol soldiers, in Jami al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, 1305-1306
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Yuan empress Chabi
  • Empires collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol khanates. 

  • ​​The expansion of empires—including the Mongols—facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks.
    ​
  • ​Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers.
audio pronunciation guide:
  • Mongol empire
  • ​steppes
  • pastorialists
  • clans
  • yurts
  • kumiss
  • shamans
  • Tengrism
  • ​kurultai
  • khagan
  • tumens
  • Karakorum
  • Temujin, or Chinggis (Genghis) Khan
  • Khwarazm shah
  • Ogedei
  • Batu
  • Hulegu
  • ​Khanates
    • Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia and China)
    • Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia)
    • Ilkhanate (Persia)
    • Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)
  • Pax Mongolica
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Kublai Khan​
  • kamikaze
  • Marco Polo​
  • Uighurs
  • Golden Horde
  • Tatars
  • battle of Kulikova
  • Baibars
  • Berke
  • Dadu
  • Chabi
  • Romance of the West Chamber
  • White Lotus Society
  • Zhu Yuanzhang
  • Ming dynasty
  • Timur-i Lang/Tamerlane​
Article: Mongol Fashion Statement
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Article: Genghis Khan’s grandson introduced paper money—and inadvertently tanked the Mongol Empire
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Mongol Empire Quizlet

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  • acc. PHILLIPS
  • America
    • Introduction
      • Course Overview
      • Policies
      • Essential Documents
    • 1492-1754
      • Colonization
    • 1754-1848
      • Revolution
      • Constitution
      • Expansion
    • 1848-1898
      • The Civil War
      • The Gilded Age
    • 1898-1945
      • The American Empire
      • The Great Depression
      • The Second World War
    • 1945-1991
      • The Early Cold War
      • The Great Society
      • The Late Cold War
    • 1991-Today
      • The Culture Wars
      • The War on Terror
  • Europe
    • Introduction
    • 1200-1450
    • 1450-1648
      • Renaissance
      • Reformation
      • Exploration
      • Links
      • Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Rick Steves Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
    • 1648-1815
      • Sovereignty
      • Commerce
      • Reason
      • Revolution
      • Links
      • Readings and Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
    • 1815-1914
      • Industry
      • Ideology
      • Empire
      • Modernity
      • Links
      • Readings and Assignments
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
    • 1914-Today
      • WWI
      • WWII
      • Cold War
      • EU
      • Links
      • Assignments and Readings
      • Videos
        • John Green Videos
        • Tom Richey Videos
        • Assorted Videos
      • Slideshows
  • World
    • Ancient
    • Modern
      • Introduction
        • Course Overview
        • Policies
        • Essential Documents
        • Exam
      • 1200-1450
        • Asia
        • Africa
        • Europe
        • Americas
        • Trade
      • 1450-1750
        • Discovery
        • Maritime Empires
        • Land Empires
      • 1750-1900
        • Revolutions
        • Industrialization
        • Imperialism
      • 1900-Today
        • World Wars
        • Postwar World
        • Globalization
  • Research
  • Resources
  • About
  • Contact